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19-2979; Rev 2; 5/04
500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter
General Description
The MAX5033 easy-to-use, high-efficiency, high-voltage, step-down DC-DC converter operates from an input voltage up to 76V and consumes only 270A quiescent current at no load. This pulse-width modulated (PWM) converter operates at a fixed 125kHz switching frequency at heavy loads, and automatically switches to pulseskipping mode to provide low quiescent current and high efficiency at light loads. The MAX5033 includes internal frequency compensation simplifying circuit implementation. The device uses an internal low-onresistance, high-voltage, DMOS transistor to obtain high efficiency and reduce overall system cost. This device includes undervoltage lockout, cycle-by-cycle current limit, hiccup-mode output short-circuit protection, and thermal shutdown. The MAX5033 delivers up to 500mA output current. The output current may be limited by the maximum power dissipation capability of the package. External shutdown is included, featuring 10A (typ) shutdown current. The MAX5033A/B/C versions have fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, and 12V, respectively, while the MAX5033D features an adjustable output voltage, from 1.25V to 13.2V. The MAX5033 is available in space-saving 8-pin SO and 8-pin plastic DIP packages and operates over the automotive (-40C to +125C) temperature range.
Features
o Wide 7.5V to 76V Input Voltage Range o Fixed (3.3V, 5V, 12V) and Adjustable (1.25V to 13.2V) Voltage Versions o 500mA Output Current o Efficiency Up to 94% o Internal 0.4 High-Side DMOS FET o 270A Quiescent Current at No Load, 10A Shutdown Current o Internal Frequency Compensation o Fixed 125kHz Switching Frequency o Thermal Shutdown and Short-Circuit Current Limit o 8-Pin SO and PDIP Packages
MAX5033
Ordering Information
PART MAX5033AUSA MAX5033AUPA MAX5033AASA MAX5033BUSA MAX5033BUPA MAX5033BASA MAX5033CUSA MAX5033CUPA MAX5033CASA MAX5033DUSA MAX5033DUPA MAX5033DASA TEMP RANGE 0C to +85C 0C to +85C -40C to +125C 0C to +85C 0C to +85C -40C to +125C 0C to +85C 0C to +85C -40C to +125C 0C to +85C 0C to +85C -40C to +125C OUTPUT PINVOLTAGE PACKAGE (V) 8 SO 8 PDIP 8 SO 8 SO 8 PDIP 8 SO 8 SO 8 PDIP 8 SO 8 SO 8 PDIP 8 SO ADJ 12 5.0 3.3
Applications
Automotive Consumer Electronics Industrial Distributed Power
Typical Operating Circuit
VIN 7.5V TO 76V 47F VIN BST 0.1F
Pin Configuration
BST
220H VOUT 5V, 0.5A 33F
1 2 3 4
8
LX VIN GND ON/OFF
MAX5033
R1 ON/OFF ON R2 OFF SGND GND FB VD 0.1F LX
VD SGND FB
D1 50SQ100
MAX5033
7 6 5
SO/PDIP
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
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500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter MAX5033
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Voltages referenced to GND, unless otherwise specified.) VIN .........................................................................-0.3V to +80V SGND ....................................................................-0.3V to +0.3V LX.................................................................-0.8V to (VIN + 0.3V) BST ...............................................................-0.3V to (VIN + 10V) BST (transient < 100ns) ................................-0.3V to (VIN + 15V) BST to LX................................................................-0.3V to +10V BST to LX (transient < 100ns) ................................-0.3V to +15V ON/OFF........................................................-0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V) VD...........................................................................-0.3V to +12V FB MAX5033A/MAX5033B/MAX5033C ...................-0.3V to +15V MAX5033D .........................................................-0.3V to +12V VOUT Short-Circuit Duration...........................................Indefinite VD Short-Circuit Duration ..............................................Indefinite Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) 8-Pin PDIP (derate 9.1mW/C above +70C)...............727mW 8-Pin SO (derate 5.9mW/C above +70C)..................471mW Operating Temperature Range MAX5033_U_ _ ...................................................0C to +85C MAX5033_A_ _ ..............................................-40C to +125C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +150C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (MAX5033_U_ _)
(VIN = +12V, VON/OFF = +12V, IOUT = 0, TA = 0C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C. See the Typical Application Circuit.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL MAX5033A Input Voltage Range VIN MAX5033B MAX5033C MAX5033D Undervoltage Lockout UVLO MAX5033A, VIN = 7.5V to 76V, IOUT = 20mA to 500mA Output Voltage VOUT MAX5033B, VIN = 7.5V to 76V, IOUT = 20mA to 500mA MAX5033C, VIN = 15V to 76V, IOUT = 20mA to 500mA Feedback Voltage VFB VIN = 7.5V to 76V, MAX5033D VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 500mA, MAX5033A VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 500mA, MAX5033B Efficiency VIN = 24V, ILOAD = 500mA, MAX5033C VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 500mA, MAX5033D VFB = 3.5V, VIN = 7.5V to 76V, MAX5033A Quiescent Supply Current IQ VFB = 5.5V, VIN = 7.5V to 76V, MAX5033B VFB = 13V, VIN = 15V to 76V, MAX5033C VFB = 1.3V, MAX5033D Shutdown Current Peak Switch Current Limit Switch Leakage Current ISHDN ILIM IOL VON/OFF = 0V, VIN = 7.5V to 76V (Note 1) VIN = 76V, VON/OFF = 0V, VLX = 0V 0.95 3.185 4.85 11.64 1.192 CONDITIONS MIN 7.5 7.5 15 7.5 5.2 3.3 5.0 12 1.221 86 90 94 90 270 270 270 270 10 1.5 1 440 440 440 440 45 2.1 A A A A % 3.415 5.15 12.36 1.250 V V TYP MAX 76.0 76.0 76 76.0 V V UNITS
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500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (MAX5033_U_ _) (continued)
(VIN = +12V, VON/OFF = +12V, IOUT = 0, TA = 0C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C. See the Typical Application Circuit.)
PARAMETER Switch On-Resistance PFM Threshold FB Input Bias Current ON/OFF CONTROL INPUT ON/OFF Input-Voltage Threshold ON/OFF Input-Voltage Hysteresis ON/OFF Input Current OSCILLATOR Oscillator Frequency Maximum Duty Cycle VOLTAGE REGULATOR Regulator Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Load Regulation Thermal Resistance (Junction to Ambient) THERMAL SHUTDOWN Thermal-Shutdown Junction Temperature Thermal-Shutdown Hysteresis TSH THYST +160 20 C C VD/IVD PACKAGE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS JA SO package (JEDEC 51) DIP package (JEDEC 51) 170 110 C/W VD VIN = 8.5V to 76V, IL = 0mA 7.5V VIN 8.5V, IL = 1mA 0 to 5mA 6.9 7.8 2.0 150 8.8 V V fOSC DMAX MAX5033D 109 125 95 135 kHz % VON/OFF VHYST ION/OFF VON/OFF = 0V to VIN Rising trip point 1.53 1.69 100 10 150 1.85 V mV nA SYMBOL RDS(ON) IPFM IB CONDITIONS ISWITCH = 500mA Minimum switch current in any cycle MAX5033D 35 -150 MIN TYP 0.4 65 +0.01 MAX 0.80 95 +150 UNITS mA nA
MAX5033
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (MAX5033_A_ _)
(VIN = +12V, VON/ OFF = +12V, IOUT = 0, TA = TJ = -40C to +125C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C. See the Typical Application Circuit.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER SYMBOL MAX5033A Input Voltage Range VIN MAX5033B MAX5033C MAX5033D Undervoltage Lockout UVLO MAX5033A, VIN = 7.5V to 76V, IOUT = 20mA to 500mA Output Voltage VOUT MAX5033B, VIN = 7.5V to 76V, IOUT = 20mA to 500mA MAX5033C, VIN = 15V to 76V, IOUT = 20mA to 500mA 3.185 4.825 11.58 CONDITIONS MIN 7.5 7.5 15 7.5 5.2 3.3 5.0 12 3.415 5.175 12.42 V TYP MAX 76.0 76.0 76 76.0 V V UNITS
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500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter MAX5033
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (MAX5033_A_ _)
(VIN = +12V, VON/ OFF = +12V, IOUT = 0, TA = TJ = -40C to +125C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C. See the Typical Application Circuit.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER Feedback Voltage SYMBOL VFB CONDITIONS VIN = 7.5V to 76V, MAX5033D VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 500mA, MAX5033A VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 500mA, MAX5033B Efficiency VIN = 24V, ILOAD = 500mA, MAX5033C VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 500mA, MAX5033D VFB = 3.5V, VIN = 7.5V to 76V, MAX5033A Quiescent Supply Current IQ VFB = 5.5V, VIN = 7.5V to 76V, MAX5033B VFB = 13V, VIN = 15V to 76V, MAX5033C VFB = 1.3V, MAX5033D Shutdown Current Peak Switch Current Limit Switch Leakage Current Switch On-Resistance PFM Threshold FB Input Bias Current ON/OFF CONTROL INPUT ON/OFF Input-Voltage Threshold ON/OFF Input-Voltage Hysteresis ON/OFF Input Current OSCILLATOR Oscillator Frequency Maximum Duty Cycle VOLTAGE REGULATOR Regulator Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Load Regulation Thermal Resistance (Junction to Ambient) THERMAL SHUTDOWN Thermal-Shutdown Junction Temperature Thermal-Shutdown Hysteresis TSH THYST +160 20 C C VD/IVD PACKAGE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS JA SO package (JEDEC 51) DIP package (JEDEC 51) 170 110 C/W VD VIN = 8.5V to 76V, IL = 0mA 7.5V VIN 8.5V, IL = 1mA 0 to 5mA 6.5 7.8 2.0 150 9.0 V V fOSC DMAX MAX5033D 105 125 95 137 kHz % VON/OFF VHYST ION/OFF VON/OFF = 0V to VIN Rising trip point 1.50 1.69 100 10 150 1.85 V mV nA ISHDN ILIM IOL RDS(ON) IPFM IB VON/OFF = 0V, VIN = 7.5V to 76V (Note 1) VIN = 76V, VON/OFF = 0V, VLX = 0V ISWITCH = 500mA Minimum switch current in any cycle MAX5033D 35 -150 0.95 MIN 1.192 TYP 1.221 86 90 94 90 270 270 270 270 10 1.5 1 0.4 65 +0.01 0.80 110 +150 440 440 440 440 45 2.20 A A A mA nA A % MAX 1.250 UNITS V
Note 1: Switch current at which the current limit is activated. Note 2: All limits at -40C are guaranteed by design, not production tested.
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500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VIN = 12V, VON/OFF = 12V, TA = -40C to +125C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C. See the Typical Application Circuit, if applicable.)
VOUT vs. TEMPERATURE (MAX5033CASA, VOUT = 12V)
MAX5033 toc01
MAX5033
VOUT vs. TEMPERATURE (MAX5033BASA, VOUT = 5V)
MAX5033 toc02
LINE REGULATION (MAX5033CASA, VOUT = 12V)
MAX5033 toc03
12.4 12.3 12.2 VOUT (V)
5.10
12.4 12.3 12.2 IOUT = 0A
5.05 VOUT (V) IOUT = 0.1A 12.1 12.0 IOUT = 0.5A 11.9 11.8 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C) 4.90 4.95
IOUT = 0.1A
5.00 IOUT = 0.5A
VOUT (V)
12.1 12.0 11.9 11.8
IOUT = 0.5A
-50 -25
0
50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C)
25
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
LINE REGULATION (MAX5033BASA, VOUT = 5V)
MAX5033 toc04
LOAD REGULATION (MAX5033CASA, VOUT = 12V)
MAX5033 toc05
LOAD REGULATION (MAX5033BASA, VOUT = 5V)
MAX5033 toc06
5.10 IOUT = 0A 5.05
12.4 12.3 12.2 VOUT (V)
5.10
5.05 VOUT (V) VIN = 24V
VIN = 7.5V, 24V
VOUT (V)
5.00 IOUT = 0.5A 4.95
12.1 12.0 11.9
5.00 VIN = 76V 4.95
VIN = 76V
4.90 6 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
11.8 0 100 200 300 400 500 ILOAD (mA)
4.90 0 100 200 300 400 500 ILOAD (mA)
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT (MAX5033BASA, VOUT = 5V)
MAX5033 toc07
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT (MAX5033CASA, VOUT = 12V)
MAX5033 toc08
OUTPUT CURRENT LIMIT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX5033 toc09
100 90 80 EFFICIENCY (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 100 200 300 400 VIN = 76V VIN = 7.5V VIN = 12V VIN = 24V VIN = 48V
100 90 80 EFFICIENCY (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 VIN = 76V VIN = 15V VIN = 24V VIN = 48V
2.0
OUTPUT CURRENT LIMIT (A)
1.7
1.4
1.1
0.8 MAX5033BASA 5% DROP IN VOUT -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C)
0.5 0 100 200 300 400 500 LOAD CURRENT (mA)
500
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
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500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter MAX5033
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VIN = 12V, VON/OFF = 12V, TA = -40C to +125C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C. See the Typical Application Circuit, if applicable.)
OUTPUT CURRENT LIMIT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
MAX5033 toc10
QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX5033 toc11
QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
MAX5033 toc12
2.0
400 QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT (A)
350 QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT (A)
OUTPUT CURRENT LIMIT (A)
1.7
360
320
1.4
320
290
1.1
280
260
0.8
MAX5033BASA VOUT = 5V 5% DROP IN VOUT 6 16 26 36 46 56 66 76
240
230
0.5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
200 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C)
200 6 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX5033 toc13
SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
MAX5033 toc14
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
MAX5033CASA VOUT = 12V VON/OFF = VIN
MAX5033 toc15
25
25
15
SHUTDOWN CURRENT (A)
SHUTDOWN CURRENT (A)
20
20
12
VOUT (V)
15
15
9
IOUT = 0.3A IOUT = 0.5A
10
10
6
5
5
3
0 -50 -25 0 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C) 25
0 6 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
0 0 3 6 VIN (V) 9 12 15
MAX5033BASA LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX5033 toc16
MAX5033BASA LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX5033 toc17
MAX5033BASA LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX5033 toc18
VOUT = 5V
VOUT = 5V
VOUT = 5V A
A
A
B B B
400s/div A: VOUT, 200mV/div, AC-COUPLED B: IOUT, 500mA/div, 100mA TO 500mA
400s/div A: VOUT, 100mV/div, AC-COUPLED B: IOUT, 200mA/div, 100mA TO 250mA
400s/div A: VOUT, 100mV/div, AC-COUPLED B: IOUT, 500mA/div, 250mA TO 500mA
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500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VIN = 12V, VON/OFF = 12V, TA = -40C to +125C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C. See the Typical Application Circuit, if applicable.)
MAX5033BASA LX WAVEFORMS
MAX5033 toc19
MAX5033
MAX5033BASA LX WAVEFORMS
MAX5033 toc20
MAX5033BASA LX WAVEFORMS
MAX5033 toc21
A 0 B
A 0
A 0
B 0 4s/div A: SWITCH VOLTAGE (LX PIN) 20V/div, VIN = 48V B: INDUCTOR CURRENT, 200mA/div, (IOUT = 500mA) 4s/div A: SWITCH VOLTAGE, 20V/div, VIN = 48V B: INDUCTOR CURRENT, 100mA/div (IOUT = 30mA) 4s/div A: SWITCH VOLTAGE (LX PIN), 20V/div, VIN = 48V B: INDUCTOR CURRENT, 100mA/div (IOUT = 0)
B 0
MAX5033BASA STARTUP WAVEFORM (IO = 0)
MAX5033 toc22
MAX5033BASA STARTUP WAVEFORM (IO = 0.5A)
MAX5033 toc23
PEAK SWITCH CURRENT LIMIT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
MAX5033 toc24
2.0 PEAK SWITCH CURRENT LIMIT (A)
1.7
A
A
1.4
1.1
B
B
0.8
0.5 1ms/div A: VON/OFF, 2V/div B: VOUT, 2V/div A: VON/OFF, 2V/div B: VOUT, 2V/div 1ms/div 6 16 26 36 46
MAX5033BASA VOUT = 5V 5% DROP IN VOUT 56 66 76
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
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500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter MAX5033
Pin Description
PIN 1 2 3 4 NAME BST VD SGND FB FUNCTION Boost Capacitor Connection. Connect a 0.1F ceramic capacitor from BST to LX. Internal Regulator Output. Bypass VD to GND with a 0.1F ceramic capacitor. Internal Connection. SGND must be connected to GND. Output Sense Feedback Connection. For fixed output voltage (MAX5033A, MAX5033B, MAX5033C), connect FB to VOUT. For adjustable output voltage (MAX5033D), use an external resistive voltage-divider to set VOUT. VFB regulating set point is 1.22V. Shutdown Control Input. Pull ON/OFF low to put the device in shutdown mode. Drive ON/OFF high for normal operation. Ground Input Voltage. Bypass VIN to GND with a low-ESR capacitor as close to the device as possible. Source Connection of Internal High-Side Switch
5 6 7 8
ON/OFF GND VIN LX
Simplified Block Diagram
ON/OFF VIN
ENABLE 1.69V REGULATOR (FOR DRIVER)
REGULATOR (FOR ANALOG)
CPFM
IREF-PFM HIGH-SIDE CURRENT SENSE IREF-LIM
VD
CILIM VREF OSC RAMP
BST
MAX5033
FB RAMP Rh x1 Rl GND TYPE 3 COMPENSATION VREF CPWM EAMP CLK CONTROL LOGIC
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
LX
SGND
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500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter
Detailed Description
The MAX5033 step-down DC-DC converter operates from a 7.5V to 76V input voltage range. A unique voltage-mode control scheme with voltage feed-forward and an internal switching DMOS FET provides high efficiency over a wide input voltage range. This pulsewidth modulated converter operates at a fixed 125kHz switching frequency. The device also features automatic pulse-skipping mode to provide low quiescent current and high efficiency at light loads. Under no load, the MAX5033 consumes only 270A, and in shutdown mode, consumes only 10A. The MAX5033 also features undervoltage lockout, hiccup-mode output shortcircuit protection, and thermal shutdown. On startup, an internal low-side switch connects LX to ground and charges the BST capacitor to VD. Once the BST capacitor is charged, the internal low-side switch is turned off and the BST capacitor voltage provides the necessary enhancement voltage to turn on the high-side switch.
MAX5033
Thermal-Overload Protection
The MAX5033 features integrated thermal-overload protection. Thermal-overload protection limits total power dissipation in the device, and protects the device in the event of a fault condition. When the die temperature exceeds +160C, an internal thermal sensor signals the shutdown logic, turning off the internal power MOSFET and allowing the IC to cool. The thermal sensor turns the internal power MOSFET back on after the IC's die temperature cools down to +140C, resulting in a pulsed output under continuous thermaloverload conditions.
Shutdown Mode
Drive ON/OFF to ground to shut down the MAX5033. Shutdown forces the internal power MOSFET off, turns off all internal circuitry, and reduces the VIN supply current to 10A (typ). The ON/OFF rising threshold is 1.69V (typ). Before any operation begins, the voltage at ON/OFF must exceed 1.69V (typ). The ON/OFF input has 100mV hysteresis.
Applications Information
Setting the Output Voltage
The MAX5033A/B/C have preset output voltages of 3.3V, 5.0V, and 12V, respectively. Connect FB to the preset output voltage (see the Typical Operating Circuit). The MAX5033D offers an adjustable output voltage. Set the output voltage with a resistive voltage-divider connected from the circuit's output to ground (Figure 1). Connect the center node of the divider to FB. Choose R4 less than 15k, then calculate R3 as follows: R3 = (VOUT - 1.22) x R4 1.22
Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
Use the ON/OFF function to program the UVLO threshold at the input. Connect a resistive voltage-divider from VIN to GND with the center node to ON/OFF as shown in Figure 1. Calculate the threshold value by using the following formula: R1 VUVLO(TH) = 1 + x 1.85V R2 The minimum recommended VUVLO(TH) is 6.5V, 7.5V, and 13V for the output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, and 12V, respectively. The recommended value for R2 is less than 1M. If the external UVLO threshold-setting divider is not used, an internal undervoltage-lockout feature monitors the supply voltage at VIN and allows operation to start when VIN rises above 5.2V (typ). This feature can be used only when VIN rise time is faster than 2ms. For slower VIN rise time, use the resistive divider at ON/OFF.
VIN 7.5V TO 76V 47F R1 VIN ON/OFF R2 220H LX 0.1F BST D1 50SQ100 R3 41.2k FB VD SGND GND 0.1F R4 13.3k COUT 33F VOUT 5V, 0.5A
MAX5033D
Boost High-Side Gate Drive (BST)
Connect a flying bootstrap capacitor between LX and BST to provide the gate-drive voltage to the high-side n-channel DMOS switch. The capacitor is alternately charged from the internally regulated output-voltage VD and placed across the high-side DMOS driver. Use a 0.1F, 16V ceramic capacitor located as close to the device as possible.
Figure 1. Adjustable Output Voltage 9
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500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter MAX5033
The MAX5033 features internal compensation for optimum closed-loop bandwidth and phase margin. With the preset compensation, it is strongly advised to sense the output immediately after the primary LC. load current to avoid forward biasing of the internal body diode (LX to ground). Internal body-diode conduction may cause excessive junction temperature rise and thermal shutdown. Use Table 1 to choose the proper rectifier at different input voltages and output current.
Inductor Selection
The choice of an inductor is guided by the voltage difference between VIN and VOUT, the required output current, and the operating frequency of the circuit. Use an inductor with a minimum value given by: L= (VIN - VOUT ) x D 0.3 x IOUTMAX x fSW
Input Bypass Capacitor
The discontinuous input-current waveform of the buck converter causes large ripple currents in the input capacitor. The switching frequency, peak inductor current, and the allowable peak-to-peak voltage ripple that reflects back to the source dictate the capacitance requirement. The MAX5033 high switching frequency allows the use of smaller-value input capacitors. The input ripple is comprised of VQ (caused by the capacitor discharge) and VESR (caused by the ESR of the capacitor). Use low-ESR aluminum electrolytic capacitors with high ripple-current capability at the input. Assuming that the contribution from the ESR and capacitor discharge is equal to 90% and 10%, respectively, calculate the input capacitance and the ESR required for a specified ripple using the following equations: ESRIN = VESR IL IOUT + 2
where: D = VOUT/VIN, IOUTMAX is the maximum output current required, and fSW is the operating frequency of 125kHz. Use an inductor with a maximum saturation current rating equal to at least the peak switch current limit (ILIM). Use inductors with low DC resistance for higher efficiency.
Selecting a Rectifier
The MAX5033 requires an external Schottky rectifier as a freewheeling diode. Connect this rectifier close to the device using short leads and short PC board traces. Choose a rectifier with a continuous current rating greater than the highest expected output current. Use a rectifier with a voltage rating greater than the maximum expected input voltage, VIN. Use a low forward-voltage Schottky rectifier for proper operation and high efficiency. Avoid higher than necessary reverse-voltage Schottky rectifiers that have higher forward-voltage drops. Use a Schottky rectifier with forward-voltage drop (VFB) less than 0.45V at +25C and maximum
I x D(1- D) CIN = OUT VQ x fSW where IL = (VIN - VOUT ) x VOUT VIN x fSW x L V D = OUT VIN IOUT is the maximum output current of the converter and fSW is the oscillator switching frequency (125kHz). For example, at VIN = 48V and VOUT = 3.3V, the ESR and input capacitance are calculated for the input peak-topeak ripple of 100mV or less, yielding an ESR and capacitance value of 130m and 27F, respectively. Low-ESR, ceramic, multilayer chip capacitors are recommended for size-optimized application. For ceramic capacitors, assume the contribution from ESR and capacitor discharge is equal to 10% and 90%, respectively. The input capacitor must handle the RMS ripple current without significant rise in temperature. The maximum capacitor RMS current occurs at about 50% duty cycle.
Table 1. Diode Selection
VIN (V) DIODE PART NUMBER 15MQ040N 7.5 to 36 B240A B240 MBRS240, MBRS1540 30BQ060 7.5 to 56 B360A CMSH3-60 MBRD360, MBR3060 7.5 to 76 50SQ100, 50SQ80 MBRM5100 MANUFACTURER IR Diodes, Inc. Central Semiconductor ON Semiconductor IR Diodes, Inc. Central Semiconductor ON Semiconductor IR Diodes, Inc.
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500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter
Ensure that the ripple specification of the input capacitor exceeds the worst-case capacitor RMS ripple current. Use the following equations to calculate the input capacitor RMS current: ICRMS = where D IPRMS = IPK 2 + IDC2 + (IPK x IDC ) x 3 V xI IAVGIN = OUT OUT VIN x I I IPK = IOUT + L , IDC = IOUT - L 2 2 VOUT and D = VIN IPRMS is the input switch RMS current, IAVGIN is the input average current, and is the converter efficiency. The ESR of aluminum electrolytic capacitors increases significantly at cold temperatures. Use a 1F or greater value ceramic capacitor in parallel with the aluminum electrolytic input capacitor, especially for input voltages below 8V. IPRMS2 - IAVGIN2 COUT capacitance and the ESR required for a specified ripple using the following equations: ESROUT = VOESR IL
MAX5033
IL 2.2 x VOQ x fSW
The MAX5033 has an internal soft-start time (tSS) of 400s. It is important to keep the output rise time at startup below tSS to avoid output overshoot. The output rise time is directly proportional to the output capacitor. Use 68F or lower capacitance at the output to control the overshoot below 5%. In a dynamic load application, the allowable deviation of the output voltage during the fast-transient load dictates the output capacitance value and the ESR. The output capacitors supply the step load current until the controller responds with a greater duty cycle. The response time (tRESPONSE) depends on the closedloop bandwidth of the converter. The resistive drop across the capacitor ESR and capacitor discharge cause a voltage droop during a step load. Use a combination of low-ESR tantalum and ceramic capacitors for better transient load and ripple/noise performance. Keep the maximum output-voltage deviation above the tolerable limits of the electronics being powered. Assuming a 50% contribution from the output capacitance discharge and the ESR drop, use the following equations to calculate the required ESR and capacitance value: ESROUT = VOESR ISTEP
Output Filter Capacitor
The worst-case peak-to-peak and RMS capacitor ripple current, allowable peak-to-peak output ripple voltage, and the maximum deviation of the output voltage during load steps determine the capacitance and the ESR requirements for the output capacitors. The output capacitance and its ESR form a zero, which improves the closed-loop stability of the buck regulator. Choose the output capacitor so the ESR zero frequency (fZ) occurs between 20kHz to 40kHz. Use the following equation to verify the value of fZ. Capacitors with 100m to 250m ESR are recommended to ensure the closedloop stability while keeping the output ripple low. fZ = 1 2 x x COUT x ESROUT
I xt COUT = STEP RESPONSE VOQ where I STEP is the load step and t RESPONSE is the response time of the controller. Controller response time is approximately one-third of the reciprocal of the closed-loop unity-gain bandwidth, 20kHz (typ).
The output ripple is comprised of VOQ (caused by the capacitor discharge) and VOESR (caused by the ESR of the capacitor). Use low-ESR tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitors at the output. Assuming that the contributions from the ESR and capacitor discharge equal 80% and 20%, respectively, calculate the output
PC Board Layout Considerations
Proper PC board layout is essential. Minimize ground noise by connecting the anode of the Schottky rectifier, the input bypass-capacitor ground lead, and the output filter-capacitor ground lead to a single point (star-
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11
500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter MAX5033
Application Circuits
VIN CIN VIN
BST 0.1F LX D1 L1 VOUT COUT
R1
MAX5033
ON/OFF FB VD SGND GND 0.1F
R2
Figure 2. Fixed Output Voltages
Table 2. Typical External Components Selection (Circuit of Figure 2)
VIN (V) VOUT (V) IOUT (A) EXTERNAL COMPONENTS CIN = 47F, Panasonic, EEVFK2A470Q COUT = 47F, Vishay Sprague, 594D476X_016C2T CBST = 0.1F, 0805 R1 = 1M 1%, 0805 R2 = 384k 1%, 0805 D1 = 50SQ100, IR L1 = 150H, Coilcraft Inc., DO5022P-154 CIN = 47F, Panasonic, EEVFK2A470Q COUT = 33F, Vishay Sprague, 594D336X_016C2T CBST = 0.1F, 0805 R1 = 1M 1%, 0805 R2 = 384k 1%, 0805 D1 = 50SQ100, IR L1 = 220H, Coilcraft Inc., DO5022P-224 CIN = 47F, Panasonic, EEVFK2A470Q COUT = 15F, Vishay Sprague, 594D156X_025C2T CBST = 0.1F, 0805 R1 = 1M 1%, 0805 R2 = 384k 1%, 0805 D1 = 50SQ100, IR L1 = 330H, Coilcraft Inc., DO5022P-334
7.5 to 76
3.3
0.5
7.5 to 76
5
0.5
15 to 76
12
0.5
ground configuration). A ground plane is required. Minimize lead lengths to reduce stray capacitance, trace resistance, and radiated noise. In particular, place the Schottky rectifier diode right next to the
device. Also, place BST and VD bypass capacitors very close to the device. Use the PC board copper plane connecting to VIN and LX for heatsinking.
12
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500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter MAX5033
Table 2. Typical External Components Selection (Circuit of Figure 2) (continued)
VIN (V) VOUT (V) IOUT (A) EXTERNAL COMPONENTS CIN = 100F, Panasonic, EEVFK1E101P COUT = 47F, Vishay Sprague, 594D476X_016C2T CBST = 0.1F, 0805 R1 = 1M 1%, 0805 R2 = 274k 1%, 0805 D1 = B220/A, Diodes Inc. L1 = 150H, Coilcraft Inc., DO5022P-154 CIN = 100F, Panasonic, EEVFK1E101P COUT = 33F, Vishay Sprague, 594D336X_016C2T CBST = 0.1F, 0805 R1 = 1M 1%, 0805 R2 = 274k 1%, 0805 D1 = B220/A, Diodes Inc. L1 = 220H, Coilcraft Inc., DO5022P-224 CIN = 100F, Panasonic, EEVFK1H101P COUT = 47F, Vishay Sprague, 594D476X_016C2T CBST = 0.1F, 0805 R1 = 1M 1%, 0805 R2 = 130k 1%, 0805 D1 = B240/A, Diodes Inc. L1 = 150H, Coilcraft Inc., DO5022P-154 CIN = 100F, Panasonic, EEVFK1H101P COUT = 33F, Vishay Sprague, 594D336X_016C2T CBST = 0.1F, 0805 R1 = 1M 1%, 0805 R2 = 130k 1%, 0805 D1 = B240/A, Diodes Inc. L1 = 220H, Coilcraft Inc., DO5022P-224 CIN = 100F, Panasonic, EEVFK1H101P COUT = 15F, Vishay Sprague, 594D156X_025C2T CBST = 0.1F, 0805 R1 = 1M 1%, 0805 R2 = 130k 1%, 0805 D1 = B240/A, Diodes Inc. L1 = 330H, Coilcraft Inc., DO5022P-334
3.3
0.5
9 to 14
5
0.5
3.3
0.5
18 to 36
5
0.5
12
0.5
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13
500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter MAX5033
Table 3. Component Suppliers
SUPPLIER AVX Coilcraft Diodes Incorporated Nichicon Panasonic Sanyo TDK Vishay PHONE 843-946-0238 847-639-6400 805-446-4800 858-824-1515 714-373-7366 619-661-6835 847-803-6100 402-563-6866 FAX 843-626-3123 847-639-1469 805-446-4850 858-824-1525 714-737-7323 619-661-1055 847-390-4405 402-563-6296 WEBSITE www.avxcorp.com www.coilcraft.com www.diodes.com www.nichicon.com www.panasonic.com www.sanyo.com www.component.tdk.com www.vishay.com
MAX5033
PTC* VIN 12V CIN 47F Ct Rt ON/OFF VIN
FB BST 0.1F LX VD D1 B240 L1 220H
VOUT 5V AT 0.5A
SGND GND 0.1F
COUT 33F
*LOCATE PTC AS CLOSE TO HEAT-DISSIPATING COMPONENTS AS POSSIBLE.
Figure 3. Load Temperature Monitoring with ON/OFF (Requires Accurate VIN)
14
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500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter MAX5033
MAX5033B
R1 ON/OFF VIN 7.5V TO 36V CIN 47F Ct Rt VIN
FB BST 0.1F LX VD D1 B240 COUT 68F L1 220H
VOUT 5V AT 0.5A
SGND GND 0.1F
MAX5033A
R1* ON/OFF VIN C'IN 68F Ct' Rt'
FB BST 0.1F LX VD D1' B240 C'OUT 68F L1' 150H
V'OUT 3.3V AT 0.5A
SGND GND 0.1F
Figure 4. Dual-Sequenced DC-DC Converters (Startup Delay Determined by R1/R1', Ct/Ct' and Rt/Rt')
Chip Information
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 4344 PROCESS: BiCMOS
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15
500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter MAX5033
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
SOICN .EPS
INCHES DIM A A1 B C e E H L MAX MIN 0.069 0.053 0.010 0.004 0.014 0.019 0.007 0.010 0.050 BSC 0.150 0.157 0.228 0.244 0.016 0.050
MILLIMETERS MAX MIN 1.35 1.75 0.10 0.25 0.35 0.49 0.19 0.25 1.27 BSC 3.80 4.00 5.80 6.20 0.40 1.27
N
E
H
VARIATIONS:
1
INCHES
MILLIMETERS MIN 4.80 8.55 9.80 MAX 5.00 8.75 10.00 N MS012 8 AA 14 AB 16 AC
TOP VIEW
DIM D D D
MIN 0.189 0.337 0.386
MAX 0.197 0.344 0.394
D C
A e B A1
0 -8 L
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE:
PACKAGE OUTLINE, .150" SOIC
APPROVAL DOCUMENT CONTROL NO. REV.
21-0041
B
1 1
16
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500mA, 76V, High-Efficiency, MAXPower Step-Down DC-DC Converter
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
MAX5033
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 17 (c) 2004 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
PDIPN.EPS

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